I roto i te horopaki o te whāinga "waro rua" me te panonitanga matomato o te umanga whakatipu kararehe o te ao, kua noho te hangarau peptide iti hei taputapu matua hei whakaoti i ngā whakahē rua o te "whakapai ake i te kounga me te whai huatanga" me te "tiaki taiao" i roto i te umanga me ōna āhuatanga mimiti me te whakaiti tukunga whai hua. I te whakatinanatanga o te "Whakahaere Tāpiri-Kotahi" a te EU (2024/EC)" me te rongonuitanga o te hangarau poraka mekameka, kei te huri haere te mara o ngā kohuke moroiti waro mai i te whakatakotoranga wheako ki ngā tauira pūtaiao, mai i te whakahaere whānui ki te whai i te whai katoa. Ka tātarihia e tēnei tuhinga te uara tono o te hangarau peptide iti, ka whakakotahi i te ahunga kaupapa here o te whakatipu kararehe, ngā panonitanga o te tono mākete, ngā whanaketanga hangarau o ngā peptide iti, me ngā whakaritenga kounga, me ētahi atu au hou, ā, ka whakaarohia he ara panoni matomato mō te whakatipu kararehe i te tau 2025.
1. Ngā au o te kaupapa here
1) I whakatinanahia mana e te EU te Ture Whakaiti Tukunga Kararehe i te marama o Hānuere 2025, me te tono kia whakaitihia te 30% o ngā toenga konganuku taumaha i roto i te whāngai, me te whakateretere i te whakawhiti a te umanga ki ngā huānga iti waro. E kī ana te Ture Whāngai Kakariki 2025 me whakaiti te whakamahinga o ngā huānga iti kore waro (pērā i te konutea whanariki me te konupora whanariki) i roto i te whāngai mā te 50% i te tau 2030, ā, me whakatairanga i ngā hua chelated waro hei kaupapa matua.
2) I tukuna e te Manatū Ahuwhenua me ngā Take Taiwhenua o Haina te "Green Access Catalogue for Feed Additives", ā, ko ngā hua iti kua whakakikoruatia ki te peptide i whakarārangihia hei "hua rerekē kua tūtohutia" mō te wā tuatahi.
3) Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti: He maha ngā whenua i whakarewa ngātahi i te "Mahere Ahuwhenua Kore Paturopi" hei whakatairanga i ngā huānga iti mai i te "tāpiritanga kai" ki te "whakahaere mahi" (pēnei i te ārai i te ahotea me te whakapakari i te ārai mate).
2. Ngā panonitanga o te hiahia o te mākete
Nā te pikinga ake o te hiahia o ngā kaihoko mō te "mīti kāore he toenga paturopi" i akiaki te hiahia mō ngā huānga iti e pai ana ki te taiao me ngā reiti mimiti teitei i te taha ahuwhenua. E ai ki ngā tatauranga ahumahi, kua piki ake te rahi o te mākete o te ao mō ngā huānga iti peptide chelated mā te 42% i ia tau i te hauwhā tuatahi o te tau 2025.
Nā te maha o ngā āhuarangi tino kino i Amerika Te Raki me Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti, kei te aro nui ake ngā pāmu ki te tūranga o ngā huānga iti hei ātete i te ahotea me te whakapakari i te ārai mate o ngā kararehe.
3. Te whanaketanga hangarau: te whakataetae matua o ngā hua iti o te peptide chelated
1) Te waatea o te koiora, e pakaru ana i te aukati o te mimiti tuku iho
Ka whakakōpirihia e ngā peptide iti ngā huānga iti mā te takai i ngā katote whakarewa mā roto i ngā mekameka peptide hei hanga i ngā matatini pumau, ka mimitihia mā te pūnaha kawe peptide whekau (pērā i te PepT1), ka karo i te kino o te waikawa puku me te ātete katote, ā, e 2-3 ngā wā teitei ake te waatea o tō rātou koiora i tō ngā tote kore-waro.
2) Te mahi tahi hei whakapai ake i te mahi whakaputa i roto i ngā āhuatanga maha
Ka whakahaere ngā huānga iti o te peptide i ngā tipu puku (ka piki ake ngā huakita waikawa lactic i te 20-40 ngā wā), ka whakarei ake i te whanaketanga o ngā whekau ārai mate (ka piki ake te titer paturopi i te 1.5 ngā wā), ā, ka arotau i te mimiti matūkai (ka eke te ōwehenga kai-ki-te-mīti ki te 2.35:1), ā, ka whakapai ake i te mahi whakaputa i ngā āhuatanga maha, tae atu ki te tere whakaputa hua manu (+4%) me te pikinga taumaha o ia rā (+8%).
3) Te pumau kaha, te tiaki pai i te kounga o te whāngai
Ka hangaia e ngā peptide iti he hononga maha-niho me ngā katote konganuku mā roto i ngā rōpū amino, carboxyl me ētahi atu rōpū mahi hei hanga i tētahi hanganga chelate mowhiti e rima-mema/ono-mema. Ka whakaitihia e te hononga mowhiti te pūngao o te pūnaha, ka āraihia te pokanoa o waho e te aukati steric, ā, ka whakaitihia e te whakakore utu te pana hiko, e whakarei ake ana i te pumau o te chelate.
| Ngā pūmau pumau o ngā ligand rerekē e herea ana ki ngā katote parahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana ōrite | |
| Pūmau pumau o te riki 1,2 | Pūmau pumau o te riki 1,2 |
| Taki10K[ML] | Taki10K[ML] |
| Ngā Waikawa Amino | Tripeptide |
| Glycine 8.20 | Glycine-Glycine-Glycine 5.13 |
| Raisina 7.65 | Glycine-Glycine-Histidine 7.55 |
| Metionina 7.85 | Glycine Histidine Glycine 9.25 |
| Histidine 10.6 | Glycine Histidine Lysine 16.44 |
| Waikawa āparatika 8.57 | Gly-Gly-Tyr 10.01 |
| Dipeptide | Tetrapeptide |
| Glycine-Glycine 5.62 | Phenylalanine-Alanine-Alanine-Lysine 9.55 |
| Glycine-Lysine 11.6 | Ārani-Karipi-Karipi-Hitidine 8.43 |
| Tairohinihi-Rīsinihi 13.42 | Tohutoro: 1. Te Whakatau me te Whakamahinga o ngā Pūmau Pūmau, Peter Gans. 2. Ngā pūmau pumau kua tīpakohia ā-pāpori o ngā matatini whakarewa, Pūtake Raraunga NIST 46. |
| Histidine-methionine 8.55 | |
| Ārani-Rīsine 12.13 | |
| Histidine-serine 8.54 | |
Pikitia 1 Ngā pūmau pumau o ngā momo ligand e herea ana ki te Cu2+
Ko ngā pūtake kohuke iti e kore e herea pai ana, ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka pāngia e ngā tauhohenga redox me ngā huaora, ngā hinu, ngā whākōkī me ngā antioxidants, ka pā ki te uara whai hua o ngā matūkai whāngai. Heoi, ka taea te whakaiti i tēnei pānga mā te whiriwhiri āta i tētahi huānga iti he pumau teitei, he iti hoki te tauhohenga ki ngā huaora.
Hei tauira, i rangahau a Concarr et al. (2021a) i te pumau o te huaora E i muri i te rokiroki poto o te whanariki kore-waro, o ngā momo ranunga kohuke waro rānei. I kitea e ngā kaituhi he nui te pānga o te pūtake o ngā huānga iti ki te pumau o te huaora E, ā, ko te ranunga tuatahi e whakamahi ana i te glycinate waro te mea i ngaro nui ai te huaora o te 31.9%, ā, i muri mai ko te ranunga tuatahi e whakamahi ana i ngā matatini waikawa amino, ko te 25.7%. Kāore he rerekētanga nui i roto i te ngaronga pumau o te huaora E i roto i te ranunga tuatahi kei roto ngā tote pūmua ki te whakataurite ki te rōpū whakahaere.
Waihoki, ko te tere pupuri o ngā huaora i roto i ngā chelate huānga iti waro i roto i te ahua o ngā peptide iti (e kiia nei ko ngā maha-kohuke x-peptide) he nui ake i tērā o ētahi atu puna kohuke (Pikitia 2). (Kia mahara: Ko ngā maha-kohuke waro i roto i te Pikitia 2 he maha-kohuke raupapa glycine).
Pikitia 2 Te pānga o ngā ranunga tuatahi mai i ngā pūtake rerekē ki te tere pupuri huaora
1) Te whakaiti i te parahanga me ngā tukunga hei whakaoti rapanga whakahaere taiao
4. Ngā whakaritenga kounga: te whakapūmau me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga: te hopu i te tūranga teitei o te whakataetae o te ao
1) Te urutau ki ngā ture hou a te EU: te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga o ngā ture 2024/EC me te whakarato i ngā mahere ara pākia o te tinana
2) Te whakatakoto i ngā tohu whakahau me te tapanga i te tere chelation, te pūmau wehewehe, me ngā tawhā pumau o te puku
3) Whakatairanga i te hangarau rokiroki taunakitanga poraka mekameka, te tukuake i ngā tawhā tukanga me ngā pūrongo whakamātautau puta noa i te tukanga
Ehara i te mea he hurihanga noa iho te hangarau iti o ngā matū peptide i roto i ngā tāpiringa whāngai, engari ko te pūkaha matua hoki o te huringa matomato o te umanga kararehe. I te tau 2025, me te tere o te mamati, te tauine me te ao whānui, ka hurihia e tēnei hangarau te whakataetae o te umanga mā roto i ngā ara e toru o te "whakapai ake i te whai huatanga-te tiaki taiao me te whakaiti i ngā tukunga-te uara-tāpiri". I te heke mai, me whakapakari ake te mahi tahi i waenga i te umanga, te ao mātauranga me te rangahau, te whakatairanga i te ao whānui o ngā paerewa hangarau, me te hanga i te otinga Hainamana hei paearu mō te whanaketanga pumau o ngā kararehe o te ao.
Hoapā Pāpāho:
Elaine Xu
SUSTAR
Email: elaine@sustarfeed.com
Waea Pūkoro/WhatsApp: +86 18880477902
Wā tuku: 30 Paenga-whāwhā 2025
