Te Hononga i waenga i ngā Pūmua, ngā Peptide, me ngā Waikawa Amino
Ngā Pūmua: Ngā macromolecules mahi i hangaia e tētahi, neke atu rānei o ngā mekameka polypeptide e takai ana ki roto i ngā hanganga toru-ahu motuhake mā roto i ngā helices, ngā rau, me ētahi atu.
Ngā mekameka polypeptide: Ngā ngota rite ki te mekameka i hangaia mai i ngā waikawa amino e rua, neke atu rānei, e honoa ana e ngā hononga peptide.
Ngā Waikawa Amino: Ko ngā poraka hanga matua o ngā pūmua; neke atu i te 20 ngā momo kei roto i te taiao.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, ko ngā pūmua he mea tito mai i ngā mekameka polypeptide, ā, ko ēnei anō he mea tito mai i ngā waikawa amino.
Te Tukanga o te Nakunaku me te Ngongo Pūmua i roto i ngā Kararehe
Te Maimoatanga-ā-Waha: Ka wahia te kai mā te ngaungau i roto i te waha, ka nui ake te horahanga o te mata mō te nakunaku whākōkī. Nā te mea kāore he whākōkī nakunaku i roto i te waha, ka kiia tēnei taahiraa he nakunaku ā-ringa.
Te Pakarutanga Tuatahi o te Puku:
I muri i te urunga o ngā pūmua pakaru ki roto i te puku, ka hurihia te āhua o ngā pūmua e te waikawa puku, ka whakaatuhia ngā here peptide. Kātahi ka wahia ngā pūmua e te Pepsin mā te whākōkī hei polypeptides ngota nui, ā, ka uru atu ki te whekau iti.
Te Nakunaku i roto i te Puku Iti: Ka wawahia anō e te trypsin me te chymotrypsin i roto i te puku iti ngā polypeptides ki ngā peptides iti (dipeptides, tripeptides rānei) me ngā waikawa amino. Kātahi ka mimitihia ēnei ki roto i ngā pūtau puku mā roto i ngā pūnaha kawe waikawa amino, mā te pūnaha kawe peptide iti rānei.
I roto i te kai kararehe, ka whakapai ake ngā huānga iti kua whakakīia ki te pūmua me ngā huānga iti kua whakakīia ki te peptide i te bioavailability o ngā huānga iti mā te whakakīia, engari he rerekē rawa atu i roto i ā rātou tikanga mimiti, te pumau, me ngā horopaki e tika ana. Kei raro nei he tātari whakatairite mai i ngā āhuatanga e whā: te tikanga mimiti, ngā āhuatanga hanganga, ngā pānga tono, me ngā horopaki e tika ana.
1. Tikanga mimiti:
| Tohu Whakataurite | Ngā Huānga Ira kua Whakakīia ki te Pūmua | Ngā Huānga Iti kua Whakakīia ki te Peptide |
|---|---|---|
| Whakamāramatanga | Ka whakamahia e ngā chelate ngā pūmua macromolecular (hei tauira, te pūmua tipu kua waikuratia, te pūmua whey) hei kawe. Ka hangaia e ngā katote konganuku (hei tauira, Fe²⁺, Zn²⁺) he hononga taunga ki ngā rōpū carboxyl (-COOH) me te amino (-NH₂) o ngā toenga waikawa amino. | Ka whakamahi i ngā peptide iti (e 2-3 ngā waikawa amino) hei kaikawe. Ka hangaia e ngā katote konganuku he mowhiti chelate e rima, e ono rānei ngā mema pumau me ngā rōpū amino, ngā rōpū carboxyl, me ngā rōpū mekameka taha. |
| Ara Ngongo | Me wawahi e ngā protease (hei tauira, te trypsin) i roto i te puku hei peptides iti, hei waikawa amino rānei, ka tukuna ngā katote konganuku chelated. Kātahi ka uru ēnei katote ki roto i te toto mā te horapa kore mahi, mā te kawe kaha rānei mā roto i ngā hongere katote (hei tauira, te DMT1, ngā kaikawe ZIP/ZnT) i runga i ngā pūtau epithelial puku. | Ka taea te mimiti hei chelates kāore i pakaru tika mā roto i te kaikawe peptide (PepT1) i runga i ngā pūtau epithelial o te puku. I roto i te pūtau, ka tukuna ngā katote whakarewa e ngā whākōkī ā-roto. |
| Ngā Here | Mena kāore i te rawaka te mahi a ngā whākōkī nakunaku (hei tauira, i roto i ngā kararehe taitamariki, i raro rānei i te ahotea), ka iti te whai huatanga o te wawahi pūmua. Tērā pea ka pakaru wawe te hanganga chelate, ka taea ai te here i ngā katote konganuku e ngā āhuatanga ārai-kai pērā i te phytate, ka whakaiti i te whakamahinga. | Ka karo i te aukati whakataetae o te puku (hei tauira, mai i te waikawa phytic), ā, kāore te mimiti e whakawhirinaki ki te mahi a ngā whākōkī nakunaku. He tino pai mō ngā kararehe taitamariki he pūnaha nakunaku kāore anō kia pakari, ngā kararehe mate/ngoikore rānei. |
2. Ngā Āhuatanga Hanganga me te Pūmautanga:
| Āhuatanga | Ngā Huānga Ira kua Whakakīia ki te Pūmua | Ngā Huānga Iti kua Whakakīia ki te Peptide |
|---|---|---|
| Taumaha ngota | Nui (5,000~20,000 Rā) | Iti (200~500 Rā) |
| Kaha o te Here Chelate | He maha ngā hononga taunga, engari he uaua te hanganga ngota ngota, ā, ka taurite te pumau. | Mā te hanganga peptide poto māmā ka taea te hanganga o ngā hanganga mowhiti pumau ake. |
| Te āheinga ārai-whakararuraru | Ka pāngia e te waikawa o te puku me ngā rerekētanga o te pH o te puku. | He kaha ake te ātete ki te waikawa me te kawakore; he pumau ake i roto i te taiao puku. |
3. Ngā Pānga o te Taupānga:
| Tohu | Ngā Chelate Pūmua | Ngā Peptide Chelates Iti |
|---|---|---|
| Te wātea o te koiora | E whakawhirinaki ana ki te mahi a ngā whākōkī nakunaku. He whai hua mō ngā kararehe pakeke hauora, engari he tino heke te whai huatanga mō ngā kararehe taitamariki, ngā kararehe e ahotea ana rānei. | Nā te ara mimiti tika me te hanganga pumau, he 10%~30% teitei ake te bioavailability o ngā huānga iti i tērā o ngā chelates pūmua. |
| Whānuitanga Mahi | He ngoikore te mahi, ko te nuinga he kawe i ngā huānga iti. | He mahi ā ngā peptide iti pēnei i te whakahaere i te ārai mate me te mahi antioxidant, e tuku ana i ngā pānga mahi tahi kaha ake me ngā huānga iti (hei tauira, ka whakaratohia e te peptide Selenomethionine he mahi tāpiringa selenium me te antioxidant). |
4. Ngā horopaki e tika ana me ngā whakaaro ōhanga:
| Tohu | Ngā Huānga Ira kua Whakakīia ki te Pūmua | Ngā Huānga Iti kua Whakakīia ki te Peptide |
|---|---|---|
| Ngā Kararehe e Tika ana | Ngā kararehe pakeke hauora (hei tauira, ngā poaka whakangā, ngā heihei whāngai) | Ngā kararehe taitamariki, ngā kararehe kei raro i te ahotea, ngā momo wai hua nui |
| Utu | Iti iho (he ngāwari te tiki rauemi mata, he māmā te tukanga) | Teitei ake (he nui te utu mō te hanga me te purenga peptide iti) |
| Pānga ki te Taiao | Tērā pea ka puta ngā wāhanga kāore e mimitia i roto i ngā paru, ā, ka poke pea te taiao. | He nui te whakamahinga, he iti ake te mōrearea o te parahanga taiao. |
Whakarāpopototanga:
(1) Mō ngā kararehe he nui ngā hiahia mō ngā huānga iti, ā, he ngoikore te kaha ki te nakunaku (hei tauira, ngā poaka iti, ngā pīpī, ngā torongū kōura), ngā kararehe rānei e hiahia ana kia tere te whakatika i ngā ngoikoretanga, ko ngā peptide chelate iti te mea nui hei whiringa matua.
(2) Mō ngā rōpū e aro nui ana ki te utu, ā, he pai te mahi nakunaku (hei tauira, ngā kararehe me ngā heihei kei te wāhanga mutunga o te whakaotinga), ka taea te whiriwhiri i ngā huānga iti kua whakakīia ki te pūmua.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 14-2025
