He aha i rerekē ai te kounga o ngā huānga iti i roto i te umanga whāngai kararehe?
1. Ngā rerekētanga o te tono a te ahumahi
He umanga matū te nuinga o ngā kaihanga huānga iti, ā, ka taea te hoko i te hua kotahi ki ngā ahumahi maha. Hei tauira, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā hua parahi whanariki i roto i ngā ahumahi maha pērā i ngā tāpiringa kai, ngā maniua, ngā patu harore, ngā matū whakawera, te whakakikorua parahi, me te whakakakahu i te konganuku;
Heoi, he rerekē rawa ngā whakaritenga kounga mō ngā hua i ia ahumahi, ā, he rerekē hoki ngā utu o ngā hua.
2. He rerekē ngā pūtake o te konganuku (ngā rauemi mata)
Ka tangohia ētahi o ngā huānga iti (te parahi, te rino, te konutea me te konukura) mai i ngā para ahumahi, i ngā wai para, i ngā hua taha ahumahi rānei.
He rerekē ngā poke o ngā pūtake mata rerekē, ā, he rerekē te kounga o te hua whakamutunga. Ko ētahi o ngā huānga iti (te konupūmā, te konupūmā, te pāhare pākawa) ka tangohia mai i ngā kōhatu, i ngā roto tote rānei.
Ka rerekē te kounga o te hua whakamutunga mai i ngā pūtake kōhatu rerekē, i ngā taumata rerekē rānei o ngā kōhatu mata.
3. Kāore i te whānui ngā paerewa ā-motu
I tēnei wā, kāore he paerewa ā-motu mō ētahi hua huānga iti.
Ko ngā paerewa ā-motu anake e whakatakoto ana i ngā whakaritenga mō ngā ihirangi matua me ngā tohu akuaku (te āheniki, te mata, te cadmium me te mercury), engari kāore he whakaritenga mārama mō ngā poke e pā ana ki te kounga o te hua.
Ko ngā paerewa ā-motu anake te paepae taketake mō te kounga o ngā hua. Nō reira, kua whakatakotohia e ngā kamupene whāngai rerekē (ngā umanga e utua ana e tāwāhi, ngā umanga ā-motu, ngā umanga matua ā-rohe, ngā umanga iti me te rahi) ngā whakaritenga kounga rerekē i runga i ngā paerewa ā-motu mō ngā huānga iti.
Ahakoa ko ētahi pakihi iti me te rahi-rahi ka titiro noa ki te āhua me te kore e whakahaere i tetahi whakamātautau i te wā e hoko ana i ngā huānga iti.
Ko ēhea ngā huānga iti o te umanga whāngai kararehe he paerewa ā-motu?
Ngā hua me ngā hua paerewa ā-motu (9 ngā hua) Te konupora whanariki, te pūhaumāota kapuriki taketake, te konupora whanariki, te konupora whanariki, te konupora waikura, te konupora whanariki, te konupora whanariki, te konupora whanariki, te konupora iodate, te konutai selenite
Mārama te tautuhi a ngā paerewa ā-motu i ngā tohu: te ihirangi matua me ngā tohu hauora (āsenika, mata, cadmium, mercury)
Ngā hua kāore he paerewa ā-motu (5 ngā hua) Waikura konupūmā, pāhare pākawa iodide, konupūmā konupūmā, konupūmā formate, pāhare pākawa konupūmā
Ngā rerekētanga o te kounga o ngā hua huānga iti: te konukura whanariki
Parahi whanariki: i tangohia mai i te wai para whakairo o ngā papa hiko. He paerewa ā-motu tō te hua, e whakaatu mārama ana i ngā whakaritenga mō ngā tohu ihirangi matua me te akuaku.
Ngā hua Sustar (me te whakatutuki i ngā paerewa ā-motu):
Te whakahaere waikawa o ngā rauemi mata ≤0.014%: Ka puta he kakara kino mai i ngā hua waikawa-nui, ka whakaiti i te rere o te hua, ka mimiti ngāwari i te makuku me te whakakotahi, ka tere ake te tae o ngā ranunga tuatahi, ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka whakangaro i ngā huaora me ngā whakaritenga whākōkī, ā, ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka pirau te hinu.
He kikorangi te āhua o te onepu parahi, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i te āhua o te onepu parahi hei aromatawai i te parakore o te hua.
Ka tāpirihia te hauhā konukōre ki te paura parahi hei ārai i te whakapiripiri
Ngā hua e wātea ana i te mākete:
Ka taea e te waikawa o ngā hua parahi whanariki te eke ki te 0.03%. E tautuhia ana e te kamupene Sustar ngā hua he nui ake te waikawa i te 0.02% hei hua waikawa nui.
Tērā pea he nui te matū waro kei roto i te wai whakairo o ngā wheketere hiko iti, ā, he nui te mōrearea o te dioxin. Kei roto i te parahi onepu ngā huānga rino poke, ā, ka huri te hua ki te kōwhai i muri i te whakamahana. Ko te āhua o te parahi onepu he kakariki, he mā rānei. Mena ka tino rerekē te pāmahana i te wā whakamaroke, ka huri pea te tae mai i te kikorangi ki te mā.
Kāore he tioata rite ki te ngira, kāore he tioata pakarukaru, he tioata kirikiri rānei o te parahi onepu, ā, he ngāwari ki te haaputuputu.
Kāore i te ōrite te ranu o te paura parahi me te kaikawe, ā, ka tino rerekē te ihirangi; ki te nui rawa te tāpiri o te kaikawe, kāore e tika te ihirangi.
Kāore i te ōrite te rahi o te matūriki o te paura parahi, ā, he nui te ōwehenga o te hua rahi rawa o te tatari 40-mata.
I muri i te rewa ki te wai, kei roto i te otinga he mea mārama kāore e rewa-wai, he mea iri me he mea e mānu ana.
Ngā rerekētanga o te kounga o ngā hua huānga iti: Te konukuraita konukura taketake
He rite tonu te pūtake o te konupūmā parahi taketake ki te konupūmā whanariki, ā, ka tangohia te hua mai i te wai para whakairo mai i ngā papa hiko. He paerewa ā-motu tō te hua, e whakaatu mārama ana i ngā whakaritenga mō ngā tohu ihirangi matua me te akuaku.
Ngā hua Sustar (me te whakatutuki i ngā paerewa ā-motu):
He ōrite te tae, kāore he puranga, he pai te rere.
Whakahaerehia ngā tohu hauota me te hauota kore utu (0.14%; 0.1%) hei whakaiti i ngā mōrearea me te kohikohinga o te taiokine.
Ngā hua e wātea ana i te mākete:
Kāore he tohu o te ihirangi matua.
He nui te rerekētanga tae i waenga i ngā hua i roto i te puranga kotahi.
Ngā ira mā e kitea ana.
Paura, ngoikore te rere
Me ngā poke e kitea ana.
He nui te hauota me te hauota kore utu, ka ngāwari ki te kohikohi.
Ngā rerekētanga o te kounga o ngā hua huānga iti: te ferrous sulfate
He hua taha te ferrous sulfate o te titanium dioxide i roto i te umanga matū. He paerewa ā-motu tō te hua, e whakaatu mārama ana i ngā whakaritenga mō ngā tohu ihirangi matua me te akuaku.
Ngā hua Sustar (me te whakatutuki i ngā paerewa ā-motu):
He ōrite te tae, kāore he puranga.
He pai te rere o te wai.
Kei roto i te 0.15% te rino trivalent.
Ngā hua e wātea ana i te mākete:
Kāore he tohu o te rino trivalent, ā, kāore he tohu o te ihirangi matua.
He nui te rerekētanga tae i waenga i ngā hua i roto i te puranga kotahi.
He nui te makuku.
Kāore te kounga e tutuki i ngā paerewa ā-motu.
He iti noa te rauemi tango puehu.
Kāore i te pai te rere o te wai, he pai te matotoru, ā, he ngāwari ki te piri.
He tukanga maroke te hanga rino ferrous, ā, he tino tiketike te waikawa o te hua.
He nui te pānga o te nui o te rino i roto i te tinana ki te kounga o te whāngai i mua i te ranunga.
Ngā rerekētanga o te kounga o ngā hua huānga iti: te konutea whanariki
Ko te rauemi mata o te konutea whanariki ko te konutea waikura tuarua (i tangohia mai i te pungarehu o te paru, te konganuku mata-konutea, te para parahi-cadmium, me ētahi atu). E rua ngā momo hua: ngā hua me ngā tukanga tango rino me ngā hua kāore he tukanga tango rino, e rua e taea te whakamahi i roto i te hanga whāngai i mua i te ranunga. He paerewa ā-motu tō te hua, e whakaatu mārama ana i ngā whakaritenga mō ngā tohu ihirangi matua me te akuaku.
Ngā hua Sustar (me te whakatutuki i ngā paerewa ā-motu):
Kia tino whakahaerea ngā katote pūhaumāota hei whakaroa i te rerekētanga o te tae o te whāngai i mua i te ranunga. Mēnā ka whakamahia te konutea whanariki hei whāngai i mua i te ranunga, me noho te ihirangi katote pūhaumāota ki roto i te 0.5% i te raumati, ā, ki roto hoki i te 1% i te takurua.
Ka eke te nui o te ion chloride i roto i te konutea whanariki ki te 3%. Ka mimiti te makuku i ngā hua he nui te chloride, ka hanga he puranga, ā, ka rerekē te tae o ngā ranunga kua oti te whakauru.
He whero te tae o te hua, ā, he nui te cobalt me te manganese kei roto, e tino pā kino ana ki te tauira whāngai.
He hina te tae o te hua, ā, kei roto ko te konupūmā me te konupora, ka pā tēnei ki te whakatau i te pito mutunga titration.
Kei roto i te hua te whanariki, e puta mai ana i te tae noa o te hua, engari ka huri te takai ki te kōwhai i muri i te mimiti o te whanariki.
Kāore i te pai te whakahaere i te tukanga whakaputa, ā, he mārama noa iho ngā poke pango kei roto i te hua.
Mā te toenga peroxide i roto i te konutea whanariki ka tere te wera o te ranunga i muri i te whakaranu i te ranunga, ā, ka ngāwari te huri i te tae o te whāngai ranunga (ngā poke pērā i te konutea waikura, te whanariki toruwaikura, te waikura rino me te hauhā manganese).
Ka whakaroa te tae o te pito mutunga titration o te kitenga ihirangi matua, ā, ka hoki wawe ki te whero.
Ngā rerekētanga o te kounga o ngā hua huānga iti: te waikura konutea
Waikura konutea: te waikura konutea parakore teitei (waikura konutea 99) me te waikura konutea noa (waikura konutea 95), he nui te wāhi mākete o te waikura konutea 95.
Tukanga whakaputa: He maha ngā tukanga whakaputa mō te konutea waikura. Ka rerekē te tae o ngā hua i ngā tukanga whakaputa rerekē, i ngā rauemi mata rerekē, i ngā pāmahana whakapūkara rerekē, me ētahi atu.
Tikanga ā-kore
99 te waikura konutea Ka hangaia mā te whakakoi i ngā poro konutea. Waikura konutea māmā. Kiato papatipu 200-500g/L. Mā.
Tikanga tika
Ka puta mai mā te whakakorikori i te konutea hauota i te pāmahana teitei. He konutea hauota taumaha. He matotoru te matotoru 1200-2000g/L. He kōwhai pouri. He nui rawa atu ngā konganuku taumaha i te paerewa.
Tikanga waikawa
Ka whakaputaina mā te hanga matū o te konutea hauota mā te tikanga waikawa Konutea hauota waenga Kiato papatipu 700-1000g/L He kōwhai paku ki te kōwhai
Tikanga haukini
Ka puta mai mā te hanga matū o te konutea haukini mā te tikanga haukinia. He konutea haukini waenga. He matotoru 700-1000g/L. He mā ki te kōwhai paku.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-24-2025
